This course thoroughly covers the following skills in both the bow and stern positions: Launching and removing canoes; entering and exiting canoes; paddling positions, balancing and trimming; changing positions; pivots; sideways displacement; forward and reverse straight line; inside and outside turns, circles and landings; stopping; lifts and carries; transporting canoes on vehicles. Safety includes swimming; retrieving a swamped canoe; canoe-over-canoe rescue; re-entering a canoe. Theory topics include equipment selection, knowledge and care; government regulations; safe canoeing procedures; outdoor precautions; day trip packing; environmental awareness; windy weather precautions.